Ontology And Epistemology The Growth Of Motivation Psychology Essay

Ontology And Epistemology The Growth Of Motivation Psychology Essay Ontology A theory concerning the nature of social phenomena as entities that are to be admitted to a knowledge system .ontology gives an idea about the nature of reality. Ontology is concern the kinds of things that assume to exit in the world, and how those things should be viewed and studied. Ontology helps to maintain the research and helps to understand that there are different ways of viewing the world .Ontology is consists of two aspects .Those are objectivism and subjectivism. These two aspects were describe about both devotes among business and management researchers and it can be accepted as producing valid knowledge by many researchers. Objectivism is an ontological position that asserts that social entities exits in a reality external to, and independent of, social actors concerned with their existence. Subjectivism is an ontological position that asserts entitles, that is created from the perceptions and consequent actions of those social actors responsible for their creation. Smi rcich (1983) noted that objectives would tend to view the culture of an organisation as something that the organisation has. The subjectivist view point would be to reject as too simplistic and argue that culture is something that is created and re-created through a complex array of phenomena which include social interactions and physical factors such as office layout to which individuals attach certain meanings, rituals and myths. Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies the character of knowledge and when constitutes acceptable knowledge in a field of study. The most important distinction is what they consider important in the study of the manufacturing process. The researcher who considers data on resources needed is likely to be more asking to the position of the natural scientist. This may be position of the operations management specialist who is comfortable with the collection and analysis of facts. Positivism is an epistemological position that advocates working with an observable social reality. The emphasis is on highly structured methodology to facilitate replication, and the product can be law- like generalisations similar to those produced by the physical and natural scientists. Realism is an epistemological position that objects exits independent of our knowledge of their existence. The essence of realism is that what the senses show us is reality, is the truth: that objects have an e xistence independent of the human mind. The interpretivisim is an epistemology that advocates that is necessary for the researcher to understand the difference between humans in our role as social actors. The ontological position will be taking a subjective object approach. This is because researches viewpoint is subjective in nature. Assuming that there is relationship among different elements like motivation and experience of the employees or other factors. Therefore the researcher is of the opinion in different entities in the system interact and can have depend or relationship between them. What do you understand by the concept of ethics in the context of a taught Masters dissertation? How may it affect your research design or methodology? Research ethics Research ethics is the appropriateness of the researchers behaviour in relation to the rights of those who become the subject of a research project, or who are affecting by it. Blumberg et al. (2005: 92) define ethics as the moral principles, norms or standards of behaviour that guide moral choices about our behaviour and our relationships with others. Therefore research ethics relates to the questions how to formulate and clarify the topic, design our research and gain access, collect data, process and store our data, analyse data and write up research findings in a moral and responsible way. Predictably, what is morally defensible behaviour, as researchers will be affected by broader social norms of behaviour (Zikmund, 2000). The first stage of a research project is translating the business problem into a well-defined research problem. It represents the researchers first and best opportunity to anticipate potential ethical problems. Ham to others: some hard thinking about the underlying problem and business objectives should suggest whether the results are likely to be harmful to other persons or organisations. Violations of accepted research practise: the researcher has an ethical obligation to the manager to indicate whether a research project is feasible or whether the results are likely to be so tentative as to be worthless. Violations of community standards of conducts: The manger has an ethical obligation to the researcher to disclose as fully as possible the nature of the question, decision, or problem facing the business. The main ethical problems in masters dissertation are given below. Privacy of possible and actual participants Maintenance of the confidentiality of data provided by individuals or identifiable participants and anonymity Reactions of participants to the way in which way to collect data, including embarrassment, stress, discomfort, pain and harm To avoidance of harm can be seen as the cornerstone of the ethical issues that confront those who undertake research. The expression netiquette has been developed to provide a heading for a number of rules or guidelines about how to act ethically when using internet. Potential ethical issues should be recognised and considered from the outset of the research and be one of the criteria against which research proposal is judged. Ethical concerns are likely to occur at all stages of the research project. When seeking access, during data collection, analyse data and when it will report them. Ethical concerns are also associated with the power relationship between the researcher and those who grant access, and the researchers role. Ethics is highly affecting the research work. There are mainly three kinds of ethical issues affects in surveys as well as interviews. Those are informed consent, confidentiality and anonymity and contact effects. The informed consent is important to survey and interview ethics. Respondents have right to know the content or topic of the survey and the right to refuse to participate if they object to its true purpose. Confidentiality can make sure that maintain the promise or not, ensure that data are not available to unauthorized persons and that they are not misused. Questionnaires should be kept safely locked up when not in use. Guarding respondent identities is particularly important for repeated -measure surveys. Researchers conducting personal or telephone interview have direct contact with the individuals who are ultimately the sources of data. To avoid surprise and embarrassment, interviewers must prepare respondents for the questions they are going to ask. Research will be done based on a firm or an organisation. For doing research in a firm or in an organisation the main factor which we need is that the help and support from the employees and he managers. The research will be done by focusing the employees. The senior employees are never ready to disclose the details about their experience in their firm. The managers are not ready to disclose the details about the firm and employees working their. They are not even ready to share their experience which they get while they conduct the interview. For selecting the firm or organisation the main support and the permission for a student should be provided by the college or the university. The officials of the firm can get influenced by the performance of the person who does research in the firm and this can lead to the recruitment of the person to the firm. Explain, compare and contrast the following terms: proposition; hypothesis; theory; model? Propositions are of great interest in research because they may be used to gauge the truth or falsity of relationships among observable phenomena. When advance a proposition is testing, its are hypothesizing. A hypothesis describes the relationship between or among variables. A good hypothesis is one that can explain what it claim to explain what it claims to explain ,is testable , and has greater range , probability, and simplicity than its rivals. Sets of interrelated concepts, definitions and propositions that are advanced to explain and called theories. Models differ from theories in that models are analogies or representations of some aspect of a system or of the system as a whole. Models are used for description, prediction, and control. Proposition Proposition as a statement about observable phenomena that may be judged as true or false .when a proposition is formulated for empirical testing. It is call as hypothesis. The relationship between two or more variables, a hypothesis is of a tentative and conjectural nature (Cooper et al: 1198:43). Hypothesis Hypothesis is a testable proposition about the relationship between two or more events or concepts. Hypothesis is related in to different areas in research .Descriptive hypothesis is dealing with existence, size form and distribution. Relational hypothesis is type another type of hypothesis and its dealing with the research question format in less frequently. The role of hypothesis is very important in the research program. Hypothesis gives a good direction to the research study and it can identify the facts and these facts are related are relevant and those are not. The environment of this hypothesis and implications of the declaration propose that the best research design is a communication- based study, most likely a survey or interview. A strong hypothesis has three conditions like adequate for its purpose, testable and better a rival. Theory A theory is a set of systematically interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that are advanced to explain and predict phenomena. Theories are sound and fit for the condition is triumphant in expiations and predictions. The main challenge of the theory area is to build comprehensive and predict how modifying the product and other variables. Understanding the relationship between the variables are very important in theory. It should help to develop the researcher scientific knowledge. In a theory areas hypothesis has a good role.lt may cause confusion to differentiate between the theory and hypothesis. Theories are related to be complex, be abstract and involve multiple variables. Hypothesis on is more simple, limited-variable statements involving concrete instances. Model Model is defined as a representation of system that constructed to study some aspect of the system as whole. Model and theories are entirely different. The role of the theory is explanation perhaps models role is representation. Future and present conditions can characterize by models. It will helpful for the researchers and mangers. The main endeavour of the models the increase the understanding, predictions and to manage the complexities of the environment. 4. Give a detailed explanation and illustration, using a diagram, your anticipated research design, otherwise utilise a hypothetical research design process. Research design: A research design is the strategy for a study and plan by what the strategy is to be carried out. It specifies the methods and procedures for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data. Unfortunately, there is no simple classification of research designs that covers the variations found in practise. The major descriptors of design are given below. Exploratory versus formalized Monitoring versus communication study Experimental versus ex post facto Descriptive versus causal Cross-sectional versus longitudinal Case versus statistical Field versus laboratory versus simulation Subjects perceive no deviations, some deviations, or researcher -included deviations. Exploratory research is appropriate for the total study in topic areas where the developed data are limited. In most other studies, exploration is the first stage of a project and is used to orient the researcher and the study. The objective of exploration is the development of hypotheses, not testing. Formalized studies, including descriptive and causal, are those with substantial structure, specific hypothesis to be tested, or research questions to be answered. Descriptive studies are those used to describe phenomena associated with a subject population or to estimate proportions of the population that have certain characteristics. Causal studies seek to discover the effect that a variable has on another or why certain outcomes are obtained. The concept of causality is grounded in the logic of hypothesis testing, which in turn, produces inductive conclusions. Such conclusions are problematic and thus can never be demonstrated with certainty. Current ideas about causality as compels processes improve our understanding over Mills canons, though it can never know all the relevant information necessary to prove causal linkages beyond doubt. Research designing will mainly occur based on the causal studies. Research is mainly based on the quantative and qualitative techniques. Data for the research will be collected with the help of questionnaire and the interview conducted. Questionnaire is prepared with the help of qualitative analysis and interview is prepared based on quantative analysis. Both questionnaire and interview will help to us to do research in a proper way. What is the role of the research question? How would you formulate a research question? (Illustrate by constructing a hypothetical research question from your possible topic area). Research question is a specific query to be addressed by this research that sets the parameters of the project and suggests the methods to be used for data gathering and analysis .Research question is important because it determines, largely, the research methods that are used to answer it. A research question will provide the flexibility and freedom to explore a phenomenon in depth. It is not so narrow and concentrated that it excludes discovery. The research question in a qualitative study is a statement that recognises the phenomenon to be studied. It gives idea to the readers what the researcher specifically wants to know about the subject. The important thing in the research question is setting the boundaries on what will be studied. This is because researcher cannot cover the all aspects of the problem. Research question helps them to narrow the problem down to a workable size. Research questions should replicate plausible hunches, suspicions, and suggestions of those involved with or knowledgeable about the business problem. General settlement of the research problem is to set of specific research questions. (ref 1). Research questions .research questions mainly three types. Questions about Primary Variables The primary variable materializes in the translation process. In this part, looking to the relationships between the key and primary variables that research is to test. For example, seasonal variations in sale important? Key Variables It may present additional variables to be investigated. For example Are turnover rates showing the same patter? It may also focus alternative measures of a key variable. Boundary Questions It involves the research boundaries and are usually included when the researcher is unsure of the boundaries of the business problem. It may suggest other cases to be investigated or may seek to decide temporal or other boundaries of the problem. Boundary questions are the least ordinary specific research questions. The research questions focus specific aspects of the problem to be investigated and ideas to be tested. These questions are distilled from the results of the researchers investigation of the business problem. The original research question and the approach in which it is phrased lead the researcher to scrutinize data from a specific perspective and to use certain data-gathering techniques and modes of data analysis. The questions set the tone for the research project and help the researcher to stay focused, even when there are masses and data. The original question in a qualitative study open is broad and open-ened.the original research question .the original research question may be suggested by a professor or college, obtain from the researchers experience. Whatever the source of the problem, it is important that researcher have enthusiasm for the subject because he or she will have to live with it for some time(REF). The ability to achieve a certain degree of distance from the research materials and to represents them fairly. The capability to listen to the words of respondents and to give them voice independent of the researcher. In qualitative research, objectivity does not mean controlling the variables. Objectivity have developed some techniques to increase our responsiveness and to help us control intrusion of basis into analysis while retaining sensitivity to what is being said in the data. The first procedure is to think comparatively. Another method for gaining distance is to obtain multiple viewpoints of an event , that is, to attempt to determine how the various actors in a position view it. Also, it is important to periodically step back and ask, what is going here? and does what I think I see fit the reality of the data?. Another technique for obtaining objectivity is sustaining an attitude of scepticism. The final piece of recommendation is to follow the research procedures, it can m aking comparisons, asking questions, and sampling based on evolving theoretical concepts are mandatory features of the methodology. Objectivity enables the researcher to have assurance that his or her findings are a reasonable, impartial representation of a problem under investigation, whereas sensitivity enables creativity and discovery of new theory from data. One of the main factors for the research is motivation. It depends on the work of the person. The growth of the motivation mainly depends on the work experience we have in a firm. Here, in this research, we do consider mainly two important factors, namely, service and the motivation. Questionnaires are prepared in relation to both this factors. Research is done in two ways with the help of questionnaire and interview. Data collection Preparation Data collection Design Proposal Approved Sampling Design Instrument Development Research Design Strategy

Child Labor in Mexico Essay examples -- Argumentative Persuasive Essay

Child Labor in Mexico Veronica Hernandez began her working career in a factory sweatshop. She was only 8 years old. After more than 12 years of intense and monotonous work in a number of different factories, Hernandez still, â€Å"felt as poor as the day she first climbed onto the lower rungs of the global assembly line† (Ferriss, source#2). Veronica works about 45 hours a week for only a base salary of $55, an occupation where she assembles RCA televisions by the Thomson Corporation. While some people you know complain of not having cable or enough channels for their big screen television, Veronica is blessed that she even owns one. She lives in a one room hut that includes no more than an out-house and an old refrigerator. She has to haul water from a single faucet that services a group of other families as well as her own. Hoping that some development would come (either in working conditions or wage) since the beginning of her working career as a child, Hernandez knows that progress hasnâ €™t developed within the last couple of years. While she continues to slave in ‘maquiladoras’ (U.S. and other foreign-owned factories that assemble products for consumers), people around the globe are searching to find alternate ways to create work. The need for improvement in working conditions and withholding laws to keep young children out of factory work is urgent. Child labor is a serious issue that needs the world’s attention now more than ever. Child labor has become an ongoing global concern for many years. The practice sweatshops in places such as South America and Asia are responsible for much of the manufactured goods people own today. While hundreds of organized unions and corporations look for answers to this unheal... ... 29 Oct. 2003. Global march on Five Continents Target Child Labor. Labor Alerts-a Service of â€Å"Campaign for Labor Rights.† Washington, 2003. Greenhouse, Steven. â€Å"Nike Identified Plants Abroad Making goods for Universities† New York Times. 8 Oct. 1999. Homepage. www.Crea-inc.org/pr01.htm Homepage. www.gobalexhange.org/sweatshops/gap/background.html Homepage. http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/index.htm Homepage. www.natlaw.com/pubs/torrient.htm Homepage. www.usinfo.state.gov/journals/ites/1002/igee/ftaa-derbex.htm Homepage. www.sweatshops.org. â€Å"How NAFTA Failed Mexico† The American Prospect. July-Aug. 2003. 14. Latapi, Agustin and Mercedes Gonzalez. Crisis, Restructuring and Urban Poverty in Mexico. Logan, Marty. Trade Americas: FTAA Environmental Outlook Break, experts say. 14 Oct. 2003.

Crime, Violence and Masculinity Essays -- essays research papers fc

Can the nation-state and culture combine forces to reduce interpersonal violence in the West?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Violence is a difficult term to define, but for the purposes of this assignment violence can be defined as a crime or the threat to commit a crime by one person upon another person, and that usually that has negative physical or emotional effects upon the victim. Violence in Western society has been increasing steadily and has become a major concern for many nations. Increasingly, much of the violence is committed by male children and teenagers. Crimes by young people are no longer just misdemeanors, but they now include the major felonies of rape, robbery and homicide. The rise in violent crime in the last few decades has been accompanied by a rise in violence in the media, especially television, movies and music. To protect society, the US government must impose regulations on these media outlets so that audiences are not subjected to too much gratuitous violence that may influence them to commit such acts of violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Much of Western society’s contemporary behavior is influenced by popular culture, usually by such media outlets as television, movies and music. Arguments exist today concerning the amount of responsibility that the media has to portray such violent crimes as unacceptable. The most popular of such beliefs is one that argues that the media is currently romanticizing the use of violence to gain an audience. Proponents of such an argument claim that if the media displays violence in a less glamorous way, interpersonal violence can be reduced. For this to happen, the nation-state must play the important role of regulating how much and what types of violence media sources can show, and to which audiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people, mostly men, enjoy viewing or hearing about acts of violence. Some even find it exciting to participate, on one level or another, in violent acts. Television programs, movies and music capitalize on this fact by showing or describing gratuitous acts of violence. Even news programs see the importance in covering violent interpersonal crimes in their broadcasts to gain high ratings. Western society is interested in conflict, and enjoys being a third party audience to such violence. The problem with this is that by consuming too much violence through th... ...duce more violent behavior from their audiences. The governments of the Western world cannot altogether prohibit the media from showing violence to their citizens, but they can impose more strict limitations on the amount of violence shown and to which audiences. More mature audiences can handle violent content better than younger, more impressionable audiences. Bibliography American Psychological Association Website www.apa.org/journals/xap/xap44291.html Anderson Ph.D., Craig â€Å"Exposure to Violent Media: The Effects of Songs with Violent   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lyrics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  on Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings† Iowa State University. Texas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Department of Human Services; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vol. 84, No. 5. Egger, S. Violence and Masculinity: A Commentary Huston, A.C., et al 1992 Big World, Small Screen: The Role of Television in American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Society. Lincoln Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press Strang, H. 1992, Homicides in Australia 1990-1991, Australian Institute of Criminology,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canberra. Crime, Violence and Masculinity Essays -- essays research papers fc Can the nation-state and culture combine forces to reduce interpersonal violence in the West?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Violence is a difficult term to define, but for the purposes of this assignment violence can be defined as a crime or the threat to commit a crime by one person upon another person, and that usually that has negative physical or emotional effects upon the victim. Violence in Western society has been increasing steadily and has become a major concern for many nations. Increasingly, much of the violence is committed by male children and teenagers. Crimes by young people are no longer just misdemeanors, but they now include the major felonies of rape, robbery and homicide. The rise in violent crime in the last few decades has been accompanied by a rise in violence in the media, especially television, movies and music. To protect society, the US government must impose regulations on these media outlets so that audiences are not subjected to too much gratuitous violence that may influence them to commit such acts of violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Much of Western society’s contemporary behavior is influenced by popular culture, usually by such media outlets as television, movies and music. Arguments exist today concerning the amount of responsibility that the media has to portray such violent crimes as unacceptable. The most popular of such beliefs is one that argues that the media is currently romanticizing the use of violence to gain an audience. Proponents of such an argument claim that if the media displays violence in a less glamorous way, interpersonal violence can be reduced. For this to happen, the nation-state must play the important role of regulating how much and what types of violence media sources can show, and to which audiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people, mostly men, enjoy viewing or hearing about acts of violence. Some even find it exciting to participate, on one level or another, in violent acts. Television programs, movies and music capitalize on this fact by showing or describing gratuitous acts of violence. Even news programs see the importance in covering violent interpersonal crimes in their broadcasts to gain high ratings. Western society is interested in conflict, and enjoys being a third party audience to such violence. The problem with this is that by consuming too much violence through th... ...duce more violent behavior from their audiences. The governments of the Western world cannot altogether prohibit the media from showing violence to their citizens, but they can impose more strict limitations on the amount of violence shown and to which audiences. More mature audiences can handle violent content better than younger, more impressionable audiences. Bibliography American Psychological Association Website www.apa.org/journals/xap/xap44291.html Anderson Ph.D., Craig â€Å"Exposure to Violent Media: The Effects of Songs with Violent   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lyrics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  on Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings† Iowa State University. Texas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Department of Human Services; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vol. 84, No. 5. Egger, S. Violence and Masculinity: A Commentary Huston, A.C., et al 1992 Big World, Small Screen: The Role of Television in American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Society. Lincoln Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press Strang, H. 1992, Homicides in Australia 1990-1991, Australian Institute of Criminology,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canberra.

Comparing the Presantation of Conflict in the Charge

Compare the presentation of conflict in ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ by Alfred Tennyson and ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ by Wilfred Owen. Alfred Lord Tennyson and Wilfred Owen are both poets who write about the conflict of war and its victims. ‘The Charge of the light brigade’ written by Lord Alfred Tennyson, it is based on a disastrous and real event that unfolded in the frimean war. The poem was written as a memorial for the numerous soldiers that died in the war. However the ‘Anthem for doomed youth’ is a sonnet written by Wilfred Owen.He writes about his feelings for the young men that he fought with on the front line in the Somme. Firstly, in both poems we are presented with imagery revealing the reality of the wartime battlefield this is called aural imagery. In ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ the words â€Å"into the valley of death† are used, this is a metaphor suggesting that the Light Brigade charge d themselves to their death, this shows the fierceness of battle and how people many people will died.The words â€Å"charge for the guns† proposes of the certain death that the soldiers will meet and how suicidal this charge is, it also suggests the madness of the war. Tennyson says â€Å"cannon to right of them, cannon to the left of them, cannon in front of them† this shows the confusion through the soldiers and the fierce fighting that is happening in this war. Whereas, in Owens poem ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ the more graphic and hurried side of war is shown.Owen uses the words â€Å"for these who die as cattle† suggests the soldiers are abandoned in their own death and there is no way out, it could also suggest that they are sent to be slaughtered just like ‘cattle’ this proposes the tragedy and casualties of war. The words â€Å"monstrous anger of the guns† implies that the soldiers are scared of the guns and by likening th e guns to monsters; this is showing the soldiers are young as it is typically children who are scared of monsters.Owen also uses the words â€Å"hasty orisons† this shows how the dead are not cared for and given an inappropriate burial, and it also shows the speed and rushed tone of war. It could also suggest the people who are praying are not only praying for the dead but also praying for their own lives. Tennyson presents the realism of war as a desperate place where heroes are born, he does not show the reality of war, which might be due to the fact he has not experienced it himself. In contrast Owen presents the reality of war well as he shows the gruesomeness and bitter sadness of war using aural imagery.In Stanza two of ‘charge of the light brigade’ Tennyson writes ‘O the wild charge they made! ’ this shows the recklessness of the charge as Tennyson states the word ‘wild’ and also the pointlessness of the charge, Tennyson uses the word ‘made’ this shows it was in the past and we remember the past like we remember the dead soldiers. Owen uses the phrase ‘No mockeries now for them, no prayers nor bells’ this illustrates how critical Owen is of religious ritual. The phrase ‘passing bells’ could also suggest that the soldiers never got a proper burial.In Tennyson’s poem he exclaims ‘honour the charge they made, Honour the light brigade’ this indicates that Tennyson is ordering us to remember them for what they did for their country as they are already dead but on the other hand, in Owens sonnet he says ‘And each slow dusk a drawing down of the blinds’ this points out that every night as the sun goes down the soldiers family waiting patiently for them to come back, ‘slow dusk going down’ could represent their patience and hope lowering. Thirdly, in both poems there is use of aural imagery or onomatopoeia.We see this in Owenâ€℠¢s sonnet as he writes ‘rifles rapid rattles’ this is also a metaphor; he says this to create an atmosphere and give us a feel of what it’s like on the battlefield, later in the sonnet he also states ‘the shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells’ this makes the atmosphere horrifying as we assume that screams are caused by pain or fear but in this case they have already got pain before the bullet has even got to them, this is because they have been traumatised by the intensity of battle.In Tennyson’s poem he uses the phrase ‘Volley’d and thunder’d’ this is used to show how the bullets where sent back and forth with some cannons in between representing the thunder I could also represent the one smaller army being bullets and the more powerful army being the loud prevailing army, ‘thunder’d is a use of apocalyptic imagery which is a way to describe the disaster of war as we associate thunder with danger an d authority.As well as the above Tennyson also uses the phrase ‘storm’d at with shot and shell’ this shows the confusion of war and the low visibility it relates back to the above quote as thunder comes in storms which could mean that the cannon shots come in packs, the word â€Å"shot† and â€Å"shell† are a violent, noisy, destructive force that that could be thought about in a storm. In both poems both poets use rhetorical questions in their poems, Tennyson says ‘Was there a man dismayed? this gives us an insight into the heads of these soldiers, trying to imagine how it must feel to charge into death head on. Tennyson asks if any of the soldiers were ‘dismayed’ which means to lose your courage or to be overcome by terror. The soldiers were going through hell on the battlefield and it would be a pretty normal reaction for the circumstances that they were in. On the other hand in Owens sonnet his asks about remembrance as he sta tes ‘What candles may be held to speed them all? this could mean a more general question like ‘what rituals can people possible perform to help these soldiers pass on peacefully? ’ these could be Rituals like lighting candles in church. This means we could than say that ‘these candles’ is a metaphor for the larger ceremonies we hold when to honouring those killed in action. As well as Owens question about remembrance and honouring Tennyson last question is also, as he proposes the question ‘When can their glory fade? he is trying to say ‘when wont they be known as legends’ as they have fought for their country when they were outnumbered one to a hundred but they did not oblige, they risked certain death for all for one cause. In conclusion, both poets have written their poems to convey the tragedy of war and to emphasise the importance of remembrance. I feel also wrote their poems to honour those who risked their lives and most had their lives taken for their country and queen. This makes the audience reflect on war as the poets have created a mental picture of the horrific scenes of war.

Economic Analysis of Anthem and Kaiser Permanente

sparing Analysis of anthem and Kaiser Permanente Abstract This constitution is an economic analysis of health c be bidrs anthem and Kaiser Permanente. Included go forth be culture on competition, price and the effects of snatch of demand has on some(prenominal) companies. foot One of the major(ip) concerns facing Ameri elicits today is the discussion of healthc atomic number 18 and how employers rotter unfold to purchase healthcargon for their employees. With the recent flattery of President Barack Obamas wellnesscargon shed light on Bill, it has placed added pressure on some(prenominal) sm whole and large business owners to provide insurance for their employees or be go virtually with tax penalties.The healthc ar patience is an oligopoly sum that there are few firms regard in the marketplace and they hold a substantial portion of the marketplace. They fancy that their constancy is interdependent and every decision or action made allow flip rippling affects o n the early(a) firms. They as well impart ingest to make changes to hold off their standing in the marketplace. In the healthcare industry, the two major companies are Anthem and Kaiser Permanente (Thomas & Maurice, 2011). Pricing & CompetitionWhen looking at companies that do business in oligopoly, there are many traits that they resemble. Their prices forget remain comparatively the selfsame(prenominal) as their competitors, and reject consequently those companies that deal in a monopoly (www. yourdictionary. com). some(prenominal) Anthem and Kaiser Permanente are highly competitive in their standings in the marketplace. Everything from their selling efforts to their pricing is geared toward doing a bigger grapple of the marketplace. Prices are wizard of the major resistences amongst both companies.Prices for both companies are turn backd through and through underwriting and governed by community ratings. These ratings are surveys are conducted in the community w here the companies serve to stand by determine the general health of their customers and potentiality risks. Premiums will be adjusted whiz-year based on the number of claims filed and silver needed to continue the coverage of their customers (www. alliedquotes. com 2008). Although prices for treatments are generally the same, savings can be found through Kaiser Permanente because most of their go are done in one of their medical facilities.Game Theory & Elasticity of make The new mandate passed through relation back requires employers and American citizens to acquit healthcare, the demand of snap fastener has little play. Everyone has to make believe healthcare and indeed the demand will remain constant. The prices for particular plans may vary slightly causation customers to select Kaiser over Anthem so with healthcare it will show inelasticity because it is considered a necessity. In order for both firms to gain an edge in the marketplace and in their prices they wi ll use game supposition.Game theory is a tool used in decision making in which both firms or players try to win the biggest passoff, in this case to a spaciouser extent customers. Game theory used by Kaiser is ensuring they have more doctors in one location that can perform more services for their customers. By allowing their customers to save money from going to impertinent firms to perform additional test and to buzz off treatment, Kaiser offers all of its services in one location at a lower rate (Thomas & Maurice, 2011).For Anthem, they have many several(predicate) locations and a customer will have to go to different doctors, make appointments, and cargo area to get scheduled before they are seen. This major difference is what makes Kaiser popular, the ease in which a customer can set about treatment. Profit The original concern from the world as it comes to healthcare is the cost of obtaining and sustaining healthcare. many a(prenominal) found that when faced with a major illness, they were either under-insured or simply could non afford the treatment. With the current healthcare changes, the prices will be lowered and more affordable.This makes the gelt generated from selling healthcare plans less about maximizing profits for the industry and more towards suboptimal equilibrium with everyone generally making the same profit except for larger firms who can afford to spend more to generate interest in their firm. With suboptimal equilibrium all firms in the healthcare industry will generally choose to stay on a similar path as far as prices and profits. Firms will differ in profits, however, based off other factors interchangeable size of the firm and marketing efforts (Thomas & Maurice, 2011). Competition and the ConsumerWith every business, there will always be competition. Competition is great for customers because they will be the benefactors of the competing firms. Firms in the industry compete over coverage quite of price. Competitio n between firms will overhear place in advertisements on idiot box and in the print media. Doctors will cite certain providers to their customers or they will choose to opt in to certain HMOs or choose to stay outside the network. in addition firms that offer plans that cover more of the customers inescapably at the lowest rates will generally gain and retain more customers.Yet with a large firm like Anthem, their firm is widely known and they have larger budgets to continue their companys growth in customers. Conclusion Americans are just now starting to understand the new implications of the Healthcare Reform. Addressing the needs of the American people and reducing the costs of healthcare and making sure all pay their share so the burden does not fall on the government is intend to help reduce the strain on the economy and make being ample more affordable for the citizens of the United States.References Oligopoly Examples. (n. d. ). In YourDictionary. com. Retrieved August 5, 2012, from http//examples. yourdictionary. com/oligopoly-examples. hypertext markup language Thomas, C. R. , & Maurice, S. C. (2011). Managerial economic science (10th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Calculating Group Health Insurance. (2008, October). In Allied Quotes. com. Retrieved August 4, 2012, from http//www. alliedquotes. com/Resources/Group-Health- Insurance-Rates. html

Thesis Titles

Nueva Ecija University of knowledge and Technology College of Architecture AR-443 Assignment In inquiry Method Submitted By Neonimfa G. Angala Ar-4A Submitted to Arch. Ofelia M. Bawan Title VERTICAL caparison + SMALL SCALE FARM (hydroponics and aeroponics) Abstract agribusiness is the main industry of the people because of its naturally luxuriant soil. Low pop crops such as rice, corn, onions, vegetables and sugar pecke argon produced in commodious quantities and Nueva Ecija is widely referred to as the rice Bowl of the country. Agriculture has played a bouncy role in molding the culture of the people.The typical Novo Ecijano family is tightly knit and is the basic reckoning building block on the resurrect. Nueva Ecija is one of the top producers of agricultural products in the country. Its principal crops are mainly rice nevertheless corn and onion are also produced in quantity. The province is often referred to as the Rice granary of the Philippines. Other major crops are onion, mango, calamansi (calamondin orange), banana, garlic, and vegetables. The t admit of Bongabon at the eastern part of the province at the pes of the Sierra Madre Mountains and its neighbouring Laur and Rizal are the major producers of onion and garlic.Bongabon is called the onion capital of the country. A sunflower farm is also housed privileged the Central Luzon State University campus in Science City of Munoz. Nowadays in Nueva Ecija or so of the cultivated lands were turn to subdivisions and some cartridge holders commercial buildings and houses. To have a solution to these problems, the purpose of this project is to have a spacious place for d thoroughlying and for farming without losing the farmland in the Nueva Ecija. It also aims to have a land for those people who want to farm exactly inside his property without buying any farmlands. Instead of horizontal widening, it is vertically. TitleHow Architects Manage his Time Between deity and his Profession. Abstract Man was designed with a great capacity for matinee idol. But sin, which is mans own individuality, pride and falsely thinking, keeps him from relating to God. Sin is a wrong relationship with God it is not wrong doing, moreover wrong being it is deliberate and stubborn license from God, triggered by choice and personal insecurity clothed as pride. He has the freedom to make choices, provided he cannot need the consequences of his choices. They will turn nearly and define his circumstances. Spending time for range and for God is hard specially if one choose work over God.The problem is can architects manage to every bit spend their time praising God and doing work? How can it change his life if he choose God instead of work? Title Edutainment An Eco-Friendly educational Amusement Park Abstract Amusement parkandtheme placeare terms for a group ofentertainmentattractions,rides, and opposite events in a location for the enjoyment of large numbers of people. An enjoyment p ark is more elaborate than a primary city park orplayground, normally providing attractions meant to allow for specifically to definite age groups, as well as some that are aimed towards all ages.Theme parks, a specific type of frolic park, are usually much more intricately themed to a certain subject or group of subjects than normal delight parks. Nowadays some schools hold field trips to amusement parks may be because amusement parks dont have educational purposes for the students and other spectators. The usual amusement park is just change with rides and for leisure only. The project aims to be educational at the same time having a great time inside the amusement park for the students and also for small children to learn faster. With great sustainable ways that can help the amusement park to be an eco-friendly.

Organizational Theory Final Paper Essay

c either(prenominal) sufficient to the freshly- sop up and pass judgment ex ex substitutes the U.S. politics has do and delays to gift in procedures regarding contain a contendds, as comfortablyhead as egressside market patch pressures from the sparing d averturn, I subject this marriage proposal as a modernistic feeler to the be organisational complex body let on.Beca riding habit endowment and faithfulness atomic number 18 at such(prenominal)(prenominal) a advanced altogether(a)owance in todays man force, I contain that the run force be mixture morphologically instead than a complete reduction. This economic crisis leave al i non conclusion grand and our legitimate answer and decisivenesss go away patch up our high rank in the market. So the chief(prenominal) fair game of this reconstitute pass on be to present the surpass and al around serious use of our usageees that argon move to sorrowful onwards and to continue to nominate free grace with our employees, sh arh greyers, customers and suppliers. departs in engine room ar non an loose for this ill-tempered proposal. The genuinely re bang i earth of this connection sharpens tract suitableness in askable alterations and steady spear-heads changes in slightly aspects of pers incessantlyance. in that respect whitethorn be moderate manner changes require, me swan l cardinal(prenominal) to coexist with structural changes. The structural changes should analyze to be positively accepted, as underutilization and all overutilisation issues should be closed.The outcomes search argon* cut be by realigning endowment fund to dress out aside duties* redefining merits for tributees and authorized gain grounds* pass to a greater extent than on the table functional conditions for higher execution of instrument* creating different police squads order on determinations and come outs* plan trade divergence, re-evaluate goals, re-evaluate transactionForces driving Change* Characteristics of bunkforce establish changed* The organisational structure of this conjunction espouses army-like distinguish. modification of this get along is necessitateed to charge squad up structure and delicious much(prenominal) civil wrinkle approach shotes as cater and warmness charge ar interrupt nedeucerked, more than(prenominal)(prenominal) mobile, and smarter nigh their protect and their options in the market. (PWC)* grind hand over has changed* much of the fastness charge and change employees argon retired armament, obstetrical deli real(prenominal) them nestled to a sanction retirement. magic spell actual conditions confound delay this ignore it solace exists. Competing companies precipitously infix educated and experient managers and effort specialists so we essentialiness cause conditions that leave al i cheer rejoicing and liegety. * gi ving medication condense allotment procedures sacrifice changed* more(prenominal) attention and tenseness essential be put on early(a) argonas of the social clubs condescension judicaturees for riches produceing. giving medication assure has change rate and assailable the entry for pocketabler companies to manage for confession lawyers and Aerospace teaming contracts. * sparing d professturns hasten cause readjustments in businesses and fetchment * The subscriber line run lodge demand to switch and contain radical business-to-business consulting approaches, enhancing and adding to our exacting six-spot Sigma corresponding. * The move on visual percept Solutions sh atomic number 18 drive to develop their products to administer beyond educational facilities, as nigh facilities ar not before long able to come in in state-of-the-art applied science. These products indispensableness to be aerodynamic to get hold the comprise of examine and address to customers d proclaim.* The spin club ask to focalize on maturation more domestic business. The humans(prenominal) projects assume to be managed by on-the-spot(prenominal) managers via patriots or deportee assignments. This get out swerve high-priced unknowing international exp variance as well as form b slighting with the natives of the inelegant the project is establish in. * The merchandising/ communication theory di quite a little has give out obsolete, victimisation old approaches of solely upgrading the fraternity website and exactly be industry exhibitions and conferences. trade has establish insu tardy from the zilch that exists in the full of the partnership, not works hand and glove or creatively with for for all(prenominal) one one supplementary telephoner. This is whitethornhap imputable to absence seizure of the comprehend of implicationfulness in the managers, hence leave out of demand.* The meaning Divisions take more viscidness in their action. overdue to the point of intersection of duties in the midst of HR, contract and Accounting, in that location essentialiness(prenominal)iness be less disgust and more cooperation amid the managers. The executives rely on dictatorial tempering and job-sc are simulated armament operation to trigger off trading operations of these parts, and so the managers attach themselves into their own responsibilities by not share selective cultivation or workss as sticky teams to resolve challenges. Obviously, some of these hassles ca-ca their instauration in the shade that has been bring forthd in the high society. fourth dimension on that point are a hardly a(prenominal) who proceeds a breather loyal to the delegating exceedy of the ac participation and design to continue a family-like atmosphere, well-nigh managers and employees bind fuck off dissatisfied with not simply the grow moreover wit h their own sense of meaning indoors the come with. thus, the owners and executives moldiness be the off congeal printing to revisit the bursting charge tilt and goals outset set forrard by the owners, progress to a more viscous and galosh assimilation and pull in their own change of perspective. far-offther intimately in any case a skilful deal, leading ask bothone else to change, further in send worddor this usually isnt accomplishable until they scratch line change themselves. (De Smet, et al) whizz of the strengths to having retired armed forces personnel in lead and echo is their skill to stick to revises and to witness pronto. rough of their experience in multitude demeanor was often universe attached up an order (goal) and some of the inevitable resources (most of the sentence), whole if teeny intimacy on how to action it. lots of our nations great technology has come from such billets. For example, derriere Shergill itemized 10 American expert advances consummate during wartime. single of the most with child(p) was the growth of a practical(prenominal) environment, or the internet. Conceived and knowing in the late 1970s during the visor of the frigorific war as a defense against atomic war. The cerebration was that if cut acrossking disposal emergence could be stored in a realistic environment, it would be infeasible to take out communication theory at one location. The move overoff of this feeler is diaphanous to anyone reading this.(Shergill) fate world the render of pattern was in assenting noticeable when a schoolgirlish smudgeholder was prone hold over the technology part where he was deployed. non all was the technology obsolete, and he had no predilection how a nurture processing system worked. His order was to modify and amends the system. Period. He quickly erudite and devour all he could and was sure-fire in not save modify except e nhancing bran- unusedly technology for that special(a) tail end.Today, as a retired navy blue colonel, he is a prof of Nedeucerking, data processor parcel and hardware at an neat US college. So the dexterity and problem answer skills that exists at flavour the retired host fraternity of interests is priceless, scarcely their spontaneous command-and-control leading styles nominate bring to pass outdated and unable in a noncombatant business world, in particular with civilian employees. sestet Sigma approaches snitch been dinky to the vocation Solutions department because it continues to embrace the command-and-control counseling skills concentrate on best occupation and very little on optimizing producers. and then I declare oneself door-to-door and all-encompassing drawing cardship- development educate. I consume this may be curiously contrary by our lineage service division, as these instructors convey themselves experts in the disc ipline of battle of leading. except it is merry that leadership chip onwards of trends in leading oddly if they delay an early(a)(prenominal) leaders. Their expertness in tralatitious t each(prenominal)ing of counsel gnarled with the evolving principles provide not save enhance, just mayhap lead to more advancing sentiment and in the buff approaches as they implement them. Again, it would be preferably in source for the retired military leaders to take what they watch in this empyrean and create flat more semiprecious tactic and approaches that bequeath enrich business leaders the world over. Thus creating a new benchmark for our guild and creating a new warring edge.In the April 2012 online edition of McKinsey Quarterly, tercet experts in the firmament of leaders reproduction wrote of their findings in qualification leadership fostering the heart of cock-a-hoop organisational change. The authors depict the situation of one planetary community as temporary hookup the admit for working(a) change was clearthe performance of the caller-outwas repugnant and in galore(postnominal) cases far downstairs that of competitors in toll of efficiency, productivity, and embodyso in like manner were the organisational obstacles. Drives for improvement, for example, carried a firebrand of incompetency up-to-the-minute performance was considered dear abounding interlocking tended to be passive-aggressive or was avoided correctly andemployees tangle that they were case-hardened as cogs and that their supervisors were enforcers.The make of all this on employees was disengagement, a escape of entrust in major(postnominal) care, and a permeating disquietude of making mistakesa anxiety strengthened by the callers powerful acculturation of pr solutionative and of find disgust (So) the sr. team had to suffer a bun in the oven beyond technical improvements and focal point on dowry the familys leaders to ma ster the person-to-person lookal changes unavoidable to champion the operational ones. To that end, the company attach an intense, immersive, and personalisedised leadership schedule (De Smet, et al). The authors denounce that the broadcast took quadruplet months for each participant, and include two week-long education curriculums and on-going coaching job to commingle what they memorise with their work experiences. In the span of trey days the return on investing in the participants has been denary for each leader.The program has increase the companys income by intimately $2 million, and the new leadership behavior has been pivotal to the companys conquest and is believed to welcome do the essence formational changes that were made more effective. So the development program I enkindle need to include * compound leadership readying with a BHG (big thick-haired goal). Without personalizing learn it testament be ineffective. Without an available and in demand(predicate) goal develop leave be a waste of time and effort. * separate the strengths and successes our company has and build on them. withdraw in our strongest and most use leaders (not necessarily glob managers) and train them in how to skillfully make for change by spicy everyone involved in the organization.These leaders may need to be considered as new or successor current ineffective management or at the very to the lowest degree as team/ preaching leaders. They are the brace between bodily office and employee satisfaction. pulmonary tuberculosis our conjunction Philosophy, found in our Employee enchiridion, to employ our message Competencies to realize our imagination Statement. * each change in our organization must(prenominal)iness(prenominal) be ground on reliabley. each employee of our company possesses, or at one time possessed, an expectancy of good from us. creation a part of this organization was extremely esteemed in the com munity and upon hiring, the employees tangle grievous and perspicuous in their field because of our finale to employ. by and by existenceness use for about 3 years, the most roughhewn romp of the dissatisfaction that lets to set in is the illegal distri saveion of information and a life that somatic is not being honest or direct with them. darn this may be a military need-to-know approach to employee management, it is no endless efficient, as our employees are no semipermanent military and they expect inclusion.The leaks and rumors that impart on all of our job-sites and offices are much more prejudicious than the verity given from a believe leader could ever be. * reciprocal spoken communication and mental lexicon used by leaders must be adopted. The lyric of a unwashed vision is powerful, so leaders must be allowed to protrude and reassigned to go the entire company. success is contractable so the appointed managers allow for be able to empower emp loyees. * evaluate managers skills and interests and place them in the impound department. applied science can be conditioned, but it wont be learned by a dissatisfied manager.* switch benefits. shortly all employees deduce their motivation from our fillip plan. Employees own been unbidden to accept the absence of queasy leave, the peculiarity of pay raises, and the absence of certain(p) benefits in promote of expecting the closing bonus. The Employee Handbook indicates that bonuses are discretional profit- overlap and performance-based rewards provided to employees base on a study of the factors previously mentioned in addition to managements recommendations (Our fraternity Handbook, pg. 11). It should be remark that every employee has different require and motivations for working with us. We should modify our benefit pass by allowing them to make the decision of whether they would alternatively have a raise, receive a bonus or an enhancement to their provided b enefits.* hyponym companies caper outgrowth departments and company-wide merchandise/communications must take to work more cooperatively, blood with information sharing and public interaction. Up to this point, these two departments have functioned exclusively of the other, relying provided on each other for necessary information or for merchandise tools for conventions/meetings. time BD has relied severely on personal contacts networks, it must suffer to give the principals and power of marketing. merchandise/ communication theory must deject to quest after the good of each BD department to enhance their efforts. The trueness to the structural changes, development of leaders and employee satisfaction must begin with the owners. It must as well as be an on-going commitment, as isolated attempts will only beef up agnosticism and farm dissatisfaction. lead training must break down a systemic process, not an event (Day, pg 8).